THE INFLUENCE OF CONSUMER ANIMOSITY AND CUSTOMER EFFICACY ON THE PALESTINE AND ISRAEL CONFLICT WHICH CAUSED BOYCOTT PARTICIPATION IN THE PRO-ISRAEL COMPANY WITH THE MEDIATION OF RELUCTANCE TO BUY IN INDONESIA (2025)

Consumers increasingly use boycotts to communicate their unhappiness with a company's commercial operations. Boycotting a corporation can lead to decreased sales, cash flow, income, and stock price. The conflict between Palestine and Israel is one of the world's longest and most complex which has drawn considerable attention from all around the world, including Indonesia. The Indonesian populace, who support Palestine, has started to show their hate toward Israel by boycotting international goods associated with Israel. Additionally, a lot of Indonesians have switched to non-Israeli items as a result of the movement against supporting Israel and its allies. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how consumer efficacy and antipathy affect consumers' willingness to boycott Israeli-affiliated goods by making them less likely to buy them. Furthermore, the goal of this study is furthered by the paucity of data on boycott participation in Indonesia. A survey of 262 Indonesians, mostly in Indonesia, was used to gather data, and SmartPLS 4.0 was used for statistical analysis. The findings of the investigation indicate that boycotting products associated with Israel is significantly and favorably impacted by consumer hatred, consumer efficacy, and the desire to avoid purchasing. Additionally, the influence of consumer efficacy and hostility on boycott participation is partially mediated by the reluctance to purchase. Since it has been demonstrated that customer efficacy and animosity affect consumers' desire in making a purchase, these findings highlight the significance of organizations and marketers being aware of the ongoing occurrence.

Keywords: consumer hostility, consumer efficacy, reluctance to buy, boycott participation, Israeli products.

Abd‐Razak, I. S., & Abdul‐Talib, A. N. (2012). Globality and intentionality attribution of animosity: An insight into the consumer boycotts in the Muslim dominant markets. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(1), 72-80.

Ahmed, Z., Anang, R., Othman, N., & Sambasivan, M. (2013). To purchase or not to purchase US products: Role of religiosity, animosity, and ethno-centrism among Malaysian consumers. Journal of Services Marketing, 27(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-01-2012-0023

Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, Personality and Behavior. Mapping social psychology.

Az-haari, N. F., Juardi, D., & Jamaludin, A. (2024). ANALISIS SENTIMEN TERHADAP BOIKOT BRAND PRO-ISRAEL PADA TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE NAÏVE BAYES. JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika), 8(3), 4256-4261.

Antonetti, P., Manika, D., & Katsikeas, C. (2019). Why consumer animosity reduces product quality perceptions: The role of extreme emotions in international crises. International Business Review, 28(4), 739-753.

Abosag, I., & F. Farah, M. (2014). The influence of religiously motivated consumer boycotts on brand image, loyalty and product judgment. European Journal of Marketing, 48(11/12), 2262-2283.

Ali, B. J. (2021). Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 55(2), 504-523.

Amine, L. S., Chao, M. C., & Arnold, M. J. (2005). Executive insights: Exploring the practical effects of country of origin, animosity, and price–quality issues: Two case studies of Taiwan and Acer in China. Journal of international marketing, 13(2), 114-150.

Averill, J. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essayon emotion. New York: Springer- Verlag.

Akram, A., Merunka, D., and Akram, M. S. 2011. Perceived Brand Globalness in Emerging Markets and the Moderating Role of Consumer Ethnocentrism. International Journal of Emerging Markets.

Alsughayir, A. (2013). Consumer ethnocentrism: A literature review. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(5), 50-54.

Ang, S.H., Jung, K., Kau, A.K., Leong, S.M., Pornpitakpan, C. and Tan, S.J. (2004), “Animosity towards economic giants: what the little guys think”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 21 No. 2,pp. 190-207. doi: 10.1108/07363760410534740.

Andreoni, J., & Petrie, R. (2008). Beauty, charity, and fairness: A survey experiment of donations to distant strangers and family. The Economic Journal, 118(525), 365-390.

Average Being. (2024). Why boycott Pizza Hut: Israeli soldiers controversy explained. Diakses dari https://averagebeing.com/why-boycott-pizza-hut-israeli-soldiers-controversy-explained/

Bisnis.com. (2024, Juni 12). 50 daftar produk makanan, kosmetik, dan perusahaan pendukung okupasi Israel. Diakses dari https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20240612/243/1773027/50-daftar-produk-makanan-kosmetik-dan-perusahaan-pendukung-okupasi-israel

Business Standard. (2024, Januari 26). Israel-Hamas war: Starbucks, Coke, McDonald’s hit by Middle East boycotts. Diakses dari https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/israel-hamas-war-starbucks-coke-mcdonald-s-hit-by-middle-east-boycotts-124012600181_1.html

Business Standard. (2024, Mei 25). Anti-Israel boycotts hurting McDonald’s & KFC in West Asia and Europe. Diakses dari https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/anti-israel-boycotts-hurting-mcdonald-s-kfc-in-west-asia-and-europe-124052500016_1.html

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

Bilkey, W. J., & Nes, E. (1982). Country-of-origin effects on product evaluations. Journal of international business studies, 13, 89-100.

Braunsberger, K., & Buckler, B. (2011). What motivates consumers to participate in boycotts: Lessons from the ongoing Canadian seafood boycott. Journal of business research, 64(1), 96-102.

Block, L. G., & Keller, P. A. (1997). Effects of self-efficacy and vividness on the persuasiveness of health communications. Journal of consumer psychology, 6(1), 31-54.

Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of consumer research, 15(2), 139-168.

Bandura, A., & Wessels, S. (1997). Self-efficacy (pp. 4-6). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Booth, J., & Zink, K. T. (2020). Empowering customers to drive ethical corporate governance: How customer efficacy affects boycott participation. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(3), 601–612.

Booth, J., & Zink, K. T. (2018). Empowering customers to drive ethical corporate governance: The role of customer efficacy in purchasing decisions. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 743–755

Bertrand, J. W. M., & Fransoo, J. C. (2002). Operations management research methodologies using quantitative modeling. International journal of operations & production management, 22(2), 241-264.

Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.

Cho, Y. N., Thyroff, A., Rapert, M. I., Park, S. Y., & Lee, H. J. (2013). To be or not to be green: Exploring individualism and collectivism as antecedents of environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1052-1059.

Cullen, B., & J. Evans, J. (2014). Neuropsychology of memory function: a guide for clinicians. Social Care and Neurodisability, 5(2), 91-101.

Cai, H., Fang, X., Yang, Z., & Song, H. (2012). Implicit consumer animosity: A primary validation 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(7), 1651- 1674.doi:10.1108/01443570210414338

Chevalier, J. A., & Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 43. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.43.3.345

Chatzidakis, A., & Lee, M. S. W. (2013). Anti-Consumption as the Study of Reasons against. Journal of Macromarketing, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146712462892

CNBC Indonesia. (2023, November 19). Boikot produk Israel manjur, kerugiannya bisa gila-gilaan. Diakses dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231119070513-4-490138/boikot-produk-israel-manjur-kerugiannya-bisa-gila-gilaan

CNBC Indonesia. (2024, Juni 29). Diam-diam Wings Group & Mayora cuan besar dari boikot produk Israel. Diakses dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20240629091358-128-550392/diam-diam-wings-group-mayora-cuan-besar-dari-boikot-produk-israel

CNN. (2023, Oktober 24). Israel-Hamas Gaza war: Tuesday. Diakses dari https://edition-cnn-com.translate.goog/2023/10/24/middleeast/israel-hamas-gaza-war-tuesday-intl

Diamantopoulos, A., Davydova, O. and Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M. (2019), “Modeling the role of consumer xenocentrism in impacting preferences for domestic and foreign brands: a mediation analysis”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 104, pp. 587-596. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.007

Dietz, G., Franzen, A., & Barth, M. (2015). Determinants of green consumer behavior: A review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(2), 335- 380.

Doh, J. P., & Guay, T. R. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and the United States: An institutional-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 47-73.

Do, K. T., Wang, C. Y., & Guchait, P. (2021). When normative framing saves Mr. Nature: Role of consumer efficacy in proenvironmental adoption. Psychology & Marketing, 38(8), 1340-1362.

Dowling, G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A Model of Perceived Risk and Intended Risk- Handling Activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/209386

Ettenson, R., & Gabrielle Klein, J. (2005). The fallout from French nuclear testing in the South Pacific: A longitudinal study of consumer boycotts. International marketing review, 22(2), 199-224.

Ettenson, R., Smith, N. C., Klein, J., & John, A. (2006). Rethinking consumer boycotts. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(4), 6.

Elliott, G. R., & Cameron, R. C. (1994). Consumer perception of product quality and the country-of-origin effect1. Journal of international Marketing, 2(2), 49-62.

Ellen, P. S., Wiener, J. L., & Cobb-Walgren, C. (1991). The role of perceived consumer effectiveness in motivating environmentally conscious behaviors. Journal of public policy & marketing, 10(2), 102-117.

Edisi Indonesia. (2023, November 12). Daftar produk terafiliasi Israel yang beredar di Indonesia. Diakses dari https://edisiindonesia.id/2023/11/12/daftar-produk-terafiliasi-israel-yang-beredar-di-indonesia/

Friedman (1999). Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change Through the Marketplace and the Media, London, U.K., Routledge

Friedman, M. (1985). Consumer boycotts in the United States, 1970–1980: Contemporary events in historical perspective. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 19(1), 96–117.

Funk, Charles A., Jonathan D. Arthurs, Len J. Trevin˜o, and Jeff Joire-man (2010), ‘‘Consumer Animosity in the Global Value Chain: The Effect of International Production Shifts on Willingness to Purchase Hybrid Products,’’ Journal of International Business Studies, 41 (4), 639-51.

Gleim, M. R., Smith, J. S., Andrews, D., & Cronin Jr, J. J. (2013). Against the green: A multi-method examination of the barriers to green consumption. Journal of retailing, 89(1), 44-61.

Gao, X., Bhasin, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Empowering customers to promote corporate responsibility: The moderating role of attitude towards boycott behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 618–631.

García-de-Frutos, N., & Ortega-Egea, J. M. (2015). An Integrative Model of Consumers’ Reluctance to Buy Foreign Products: Do Social and Environmental Country Images Play a Role? Journal of Macromarketing, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146714546749

GBTimes. (n.d.). Does Dunkin’ Donuts support Israel? Diakses dari https://gbtimes.com/does-dunkin-donuts-support-israel-or-israel/

GBTimes. (n.d.). Is Dunkin’ pro-Israel? Diakses dari https://gbtimes.com/is-dunkin-pro-israel/

GBTimes. (n.d.). Is KFC supporting Israel? Diakses dari https://gbtimes.com/is-kfc-supporting-israel/

Hindustan Times. (2024). #BoycottPizzaHut trends on X for delivering free meals to Israeli military bases. Diakses dari https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/boycottpizzahut-trends-on-x-for-delivering-free-meals-to-israeli-military-bases-101705755011207.html

Hops.id. (2024). Starbucks rugi Rp170 triliun usai diboikot. Diakses dari https://www.hops.id/trending/29411362448/starbucks-rugi-rp170-triliun-usai-diboikot-diduga-langsung-lancarkan-strategi-marketing-ini-bikin-banyak-fans-indonesia-kecewa

Harmeling, C. M., Magnusson, P., & Singh, N. (2015). Beyond anger: A deeper look at consumer animosity. Journal of International Business Studies, 46, 676-693.

Han, C. <1989), ``Country image or summary construct?'', Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 222-9.

Hamin, & Elliott, G. (2006). A less‐developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and “country of origin” effects: Indonesian evidence. Asia pacific journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 79-92.

Huang, Y.A., Phau, I. and Lin, C. (2010), “Consumer animosity, economic hardship, and normative influence: how do they affect consumers’ purchase intention?”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 44 No. 7/8, pp. 909-937. doi: 10.1108/03090561011047463.

Hoang, H., Bich Ho, K., Tran, T. and Le, T. (2022), “The extension of animosity model of foreign product purchase: does country of origin matter?”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 64, p. 102758. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102758.

Hoffmann, S., & Müller, S. (2009). Consumer boycotts due to factory relocation. Journal of Business Research, 62(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.031

Johansson, J.K., Douglas, S.P. and Nonaka, I. <1985), ``Assessing the impact of country-of-origin on product evaluations: a new methodological perspective'', Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 388-96.

Jung, K., Ang, S.H., Leong, S.M., Tan, S.J., Pornpitakpan, C. and Kau, A.K. (2002), “A typology of animosity and its cross-national validation”, Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, Vol. 33 No. 6, pp. 525-539. doi: 10.1177/0022022102238267.

John, A. V., & Brady, M. P. (2011). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward South African consumables in Mozambique. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2(1), 72-93.

Josiassen, A. 2011. Consumer disidentification and its effects on domestic product purchases: An empirical investigation in the Netherlands. Journal of Marketing, 75 (2): 124–140.

Klein, J. G., Smith, N. C., & John, A. (2004). Why We Boycott: Consumer Motivations for Boycott Participation. Journal of Marketing, 68(3), 92–109.

Kozinets, R. V., & Handelman, J. (1998). Ensouling consumption: A netnographic exploration of the meaning of boycotting behavior. Advances in consumer research, 25(1).

Kozinets, R. V., & Handelman, J. M. (2004). Adversaries of consumption: Consumer movements, activism, and ideology. Journal of consumer research, 31(3), 691- 704.

Kim, C., Kim, W., & Nakami, S. (2022). Do online sales channels save brands of global companies from consumer boycotts? A geographical analysis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 68, 103069.

Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Foundations of Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Klein, J.G. Ettenson, R. and Morris, M.D. (1998), “The animosity model of foreign product purchase: an empirical test in the People’s Republic of China”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62 Jan, pp. 89-100

Klein, J.G. and Ettensoe, R. (1999), “Consumer animosity and consumer ethnocentrism: an analysis of unique antecedents”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 5-24. doi: 10.1300/J046v11n04_02

Knudsen, K., Aggarwal, P., & Maamoun, A. (2008). The burden of identity: responding to product boycotts in the Middle East. Journal of Business & Economics Research, 6(11), 17-26.

Khan, H., Daryanto, A., & Liu, C. (2019). How anticipated regret influences the effect of economic animosity on consumers’ reactions towards a foreign product. International Business Review, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.12.008

Kovacs I, Keresztes ER. Perceived Consumer Effectiveness and Willingness to Pay for Credence Product Attributes of Sustainable Foods. Sustainability. 2022; 14(7):4338. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074338

Kompas.id. (2023, November 15). Boikot produk Israel: Antara solidaritas kemanusiaan dan dampak ekonomi lokal. Diakses dari https://www.kompas.id/baca/english/2023/11/15/en-boikot-produk-israel-antara-solidaritas-kemanusiaan-dan-dampak-ekonomi-lokal

Kawn.org. (n.d.). Boycott Unilever. Diakses dari https://kawn.org/boycott-unilever/

Kumparan. (n.d.). Tak sekadar zionis: Boikot Starbucks karena solidaritas pada pekerja. Diakses dari https://kumparan.com/arman-dhani/tak-sekadar-zionis-boikot-starbucks-karena-solidaritas-pada-pekerja-22EsNNx4q3S

LKYSPP NUS. (n.d.). Riding the BNPL wave in Southeast Asia: Buy now, pay later or pain later. Diakses dari https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/gia/article/riding-the-bnpl-wave-in-southeast-asia-buy-now-pay-later-or-pain-later

Little, J. P., & Singh, N. (2015). Decontextualizing consumer animosity. Journal of Global Marketing, 28(2), 83-98.

Liu, D., Cong, M., Du, Y., Zou, Q., & Cui, Y. (2017). Robotic autonomous behavior selection using episodic memory and attention system. Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 44(3), 353-362.

Li, Y., & Ma, L. (2015). The effect of customer efficacy on willingness to participate in a boycott. Marketing Theory, 25(1), 51–69.

Lee, M., Roux, D., Cherrier, H., & Cova, B. (2011). Anti-consumption and consumer resistance: concepts, concerns, conflicts and convergence. European Journal of Marketing, 45(11/12).

Lee, R., Lee, K. T., & Li, J. (2017). A memory theory perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity. European Journal of Marketing, 51(7/8), 1266- 1285.

Lwin, M. O., Stanaland, A. J., & Williams, J. D. (2010). American symbolism in intercultural communication: An animosity/ethnocentrism perspective on intergroup relations and consumer attitudes. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 491-514.

Lasarov, W., Hoffmann, S., & Orth, U. (2023). Vanishing Boycott Impetus: Why and How Consumer Participation in a Boycott Decreases Over Time. Journal of Business Ethics, 182(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04997-9

Mrad, S. B., Sheng, S. Y., & Hart, L. K. (2013). Do rumblings lead to real action? A case of animosity and boycott in China. International Journal of China Marketing, 3(2), 35-48..

Moran, N. (2020). Illusion of safety: How consumers underestimate manipulation and deception in online (vs. offline) shopping contexts. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 54(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12313

Nijssen, E. J., & Douglas, S. P. (2004). Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 23-38.

Paek, H. J., & Nelson, M. R. (2009). To buy or not to buy: Determinants of socially responsible consumer behavior and consumer reactions to cause-related and boycotting ads. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 31(2), 75– 90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2009.10505267

Park, E., & Park, M. (2018). Who participate in a boycott?: A study of antecedents about boycott participation intention. The Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology, 19(1), 121-138.

Peng Cui, A., Wajda, T. A., & Hu, M. Y. (2012). Consumer animosity and product choice: might price make a difference?. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(7), 494-506.

Purwanto, A. (2007). Erwan dan Dyah Ratih Sulistyastuti. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Untuk Administrasi Publik, dan Masalah-masalah Sosial.

Prince, M. (2020). Domestic Product Involvement and Consumer Willingness to Buy Domestic Products: Empirical Testing of a Cognitive Consistency Theory Framework. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(5).

Paketmu.com. (n.d.). Unilever Israel support: What you need to know. Diakses dari https://paketmu.com/unilever-israel-support-what-you-need-to-know/

Reese, G., Loew, K., & Steffgen, G. (2014). A towel less: Social norms enhance pro- environmental behavior in hotels. The Journal of Social Psychology, 154(2), 97- 100.

Riefler, P. and Diamantopoulos, A. (2007), "Consumer animosity: A literature review and a reconsideration of its measurement", International Marketing Review, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 87-119.

Rahmani, A. N. (2023). DAMPAK PERANG ISRAEL-HAMAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DAN MINAT BELI MASYARAKAT PRODUK PENDUKUNG ISRAEL. Academy of Education Journal, 14(2), 1444-1456.

Rice, G., & Wongtada, N. (2007). Conceptualizing inter-attitudinal conflict in consumer response to foreign brands. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 20(1), 51-65.

Rask Jensen, H. (2008). The Mohammed cartoons controversy and the boycott of Danish products in the Middle East. European Business Review, 20(3), 275-289.

Riefler, P. and Diamantopoulos, A. (2007), “Consumer animosity: a literature review and a reconsideration of its measurement”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 87-119. doi: 10.1108/02651330710727204.

Roth, Katarina P. and Adamantios Diamantopouloss (2009), ‘‘Advan-cing the Country Image Concept,’’ Journal of Business Research, 62 (7), 726-40

Rose, M., Rose, G. M., & Shoham, A. (2009). The impact of consumer animosity on attitudes towards foreign goods: A study of Jewish and Arab Israelis. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/073637609109765

Simanjorang, B.M.S., Syahputra, B.A., Husin, M.H., Bangun, I.D., Zawani, N., Siburian, T.D.N., Perangin-Angin, Z.G., & Prayetno. (N.D.). Pengaruh Konflik Palestina Dengan Israel Terhadap Gerakan Perlawanan Hamas Dan Dampaknya Bagi Indonesia.

Safitri, D. (2015). Seruan Boikot Starbucks: Kampanye Negatif Atau Kampanye Hitam?. Jurnal InterAct, 4(1), 11-20.

Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of marketing research, 24(3), 280-289.

Serrano-Arcos, M. M., Sánchez-Fernández, R., & Pérez-Mesa, J. C. (2020). Is There an Image Crisis in the Spanish Vegetables? Journal of International Food and AgribusinessMarketing, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2019.1599759

Sharma, Subash Shimp, Terence A. & Shin, Jeongshin (1995). Consumer ethno- centrism: A test of antecedents and moderators, Journal of the Academy of Mar- keting Science, 23(1), 26-37.

Smith, A. P., Young, J. A., & Gibson, J. (1999). How now, mad‐cow? Consumer confidence and source credibility during the 1996 BSE scare. European Journal of Marketing, 33(11/12), 1107-1122.

Sari, D. K., Mizerski, D., & Liu, F. (2017a). Boycotting foreign products: a study of Indonesian Muslim consumers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(1), 16–34.

Sari, D. K., Mizerski, D., & Liu, F. (2017b). Boycotting foreign products: a study of Indonesian Muslim consumers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(1), 16–34.

Sugiyono. (2017). Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Research Methods. Bandung: Alphabeta.

Saryono, Eko. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative research methodology. CV Pustaka Scholar Publisher: Yogyakarta.

Sen S, Gürhan-Canli Z, Morwitz V. 2001. Withholding con-sumption: a social dilemma perspective on consumer boycotts. Journal of Consumer Research 28(3): 399–417.

Siamagka, N. T., & Balabanis, G. (2015). Revisiting consumer ethnocentrism: review, reconceptualization, and empirical testing. Journal of International Marketing, 23(3), 66-86.

Shin, S., & Yoon, S. W. (2018). Consumer motivation for the decision to boycott: The social dilemma. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12444

Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information/sur les sciences sociales, 13(2), 65–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847401300204

Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C. (1986) The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behaviour. In: Worchel, S. and Austin, W.G., Eds., Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 2nd Edition, Nelson Hall, Chicago, 7-24.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Monterey, CA:Brooks/Cole.

Teritorial.com. (n.d.). Daftar produk di Indonesia terafiliasi dengan Israel. Diakses dari https://teritorial.com/ekonomi/daftar-produk-di-indonesia-terafiliasi-dengan-israel/

The Rakyat Post. (2024, Februari 20). Fact check: KFC did not mock Israel-Palestine conflict with tent advertisement. Diakses dari https://www.therakyatpost.com/news/malaysia/2024/02/20/fast-check-kfc-did-not-mock-israel-palestine-conflict-with-tent-advertisement/

Times of Israel. (n.d.). Unilever chief says company fully committed to Israel. Diakses dari https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/unilever-chief-says-company-fully-committed-to-israel/

UN News. (2023, Oktober). UN calls for de-escalation in Gaza conflict. Diakses dari https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142847

Verma, P. (2022). Effects of consumer animosity on boycotts: the role of cognitive- affective evaluations and xenocentrism. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-07-2020-0075

Will M. Bertrand, J., & Fransoo, J. C. (2002). Operations management research methodologies using quantitative modeling. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 241–264.

Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of management Review, 14(3), 361-384.

Wang, Chen Lu, Dongjin Li, Bradley L. Barnes, and Jongseok Ahn (2012). ‘‘Country Image, Product Image and Consumer Purchase Intention: Evidence from an Emerging Country’’, International Business Review, 21 (6), 1041-51.

Westjohn, S. A., Magnusson, P., Peng, Y., & Jung, H. (2021). Acting on anger: Cultural value moderators of the effects of consumer animosity. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(8). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00289-

Xie, J., Choo, H. J., & Lee, H. K. (2023). Effects of consumer animosity on boycotts: the role of cognitive-affective evaluations and xenocentrism. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 28(1), 45-60.

Yu, Q., McManus, R., Yen, D. A., & Li, X. R. (2020). Tourism boycotts and animosity: A study of seven events. Annals of Tourism Research, 80, 102792.

Yan, T., & Hyman, M. R. (2020). Nationalistic appeals and consumer boycotts in China, 1900-1949. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 12(4), 503-524.

Yahoo Finance. (2024). Don’t eat Pizza Hut: Why it’s trending. Diakses dari https://currently.att.yahoo.com/finance/news/dont-eat-pizza-hut-why-202426646.html

THE INFLUENCE OF CONSUMER ANIMOSITY AND CUSTOMER EFFICACY ON THE PALESTINE AND ISRAEL CONFLICT WHICH CAUSED BOYCOTT PARTICIPATION IN THE PRO-ISRAEL COMPANY WITH THE MEDIATION OF RELUCTANCE TO BUY IN INDONESIA (2025)

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Recommended Articles
Article information

Author: Ms. Lucile Johns

Last Updated:

Views: 5652

Rating: 4 / 5 (61 voted)

Reviews: 92% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Ms. Lucile Johns

Birthday: 1999-11-16

Address: Suite 237 56046 Walsh Coves, West Enid, VT 46557

Phone: +59115435987187

Job: Education Supervisor

Hobby: Genealogy, Stone skipping, Skydiving, Nordic skating, Couponing, Coloring, Gardening

Introduction: My name is Ms. Lucile Johns, I am a successful, friendly, friendly, homely, adventurous, handsome, delightful person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.